简单浮雕教程--看图说话(总八章,多图E文古歌翻译)

mimilion

简介(请记住,这是船模上的微雕浮雕,为了能更好得突出船的艺术效果,
       并不要求完美雕刻,其实上了漆,看起来,效果还是很好的,
       尤其适合激光雕刻套材浮雕部分的深加工,
       当然,自开料的,按图纸描到木料上雕,也完全可以--mimilion):

When you look at the ultra fine detailed carvings on some of the ship models, the first thought that comes to mind is I could never carve like that. Such carvings can be quite intimidating and seemingly beyond the capabilities of most model ship builders. These instructions are intended to offer a simple and doable approach to carving the decorations on ship models. In time and with practice anyone who can build a ship model can produce the carved decorations. The carvings presented are by far not master pieces of work. I would rather you look at the carvings and think " I can do that" or better yet think " I can do better than that with a little practice."
当你在超精细雕刻看详细的船舶模型的一些问题，首先想到的是想到的是我从来没有这样的雕刻。这些雕刻是相当吓人似乎超出了大多数模型船的能力和建设者。这些说明是为了提供一个简单而可行的方法来船模的雕刻装饰。随着时间的推移和实践的人谁可以造一条船模型可以产生雕刻装饰。这些雕刻是至今仍未提出主件作品。我宁愿你看木雕，并认为“我可以这样做“或更好，但想到“我能比一个小的做法，更好。“
Typically the wood of choice for the small carvings are boxwood, pear wood, dogwood or apple wood, there are other choices but the above are the top of the line. These woods have a very fine grain and a smooth texture. This makes it possible to cut with or against the grain.
通常情况下，为小雕刻木材是黄杨木的选择，花梨木，山茱萸或苹果木，还有其他选择，但以上是该行的顶部。这些树林有一个非常细晶和质地光滑。这样就可以减少或破坏粮食。



The first problem with carving is to keep everything in proportion. Nothing ruins a carving more than to have pieces and parts out of proportion to each other. To solve this problem we will start with "blanks" The photo shows a set of laser cut blanks for the stern of the Oliver Cromwell. What we will do with these blanks is to carve depth and some details. Carving is simply, layers at different depths blended together.
与雕刻的第一个问题是保持比例的一切。没有什么比废墟上雕刻有彼此的比例件及部分组成。为了解决这个问题，我们将开始以“空白“的照片显示了激光切割坯为克伦威尔严峻的设置。我们将如何处理这些空白，是雕刻的深度和一些细节。雕刻是简单地说，在不同深度层的混合在一起。


There are a number of ways and tools to approach carving. Some modelers will use power tools with various bits and carving burs, others prefer micro chisels and there is the use of knife blades. In these instructions carbon steel surgical blades of various sizes and shapes are used. Some advantages to these blades are the sharpness and to a degree their ability to flex and bend. The surgical blades are so sharp they make a clean smooth cut without ripping the wood grain. Cuts can also be made micro thin, creating shavings that are almost transparent. The photo shows the typical blades used for carving.
有很多方法和工具，方法雕刻数量。一些建模将采用各种雕刻钻位和电动工具，其他人更喜欢微凿子且有刀刀片使用。在这些指示碳钢各种尺寸和形状手术刀的使用。这些刀片的一些优点是清晰度，并在一定程度上的能力，柔性和弯曲。该手术刀是如此精明的，他们做清洁，无撕裂木纹光滑的切面。割伤也可微薄，创造刨花是几乎透明的。图为雕刻所用的典型的刀片。


The next two pictures show the size of the chips from cuts. Judging from the hair in the first photo the shavings are very small. In the second photo the back round is 400 grit sandpaper, once again a few hairs show how small the shavings are. The surgical blades are so sharp it takes little pressure applied to a cut. A great advantage to using light pressure to make a cut is, the cut itself can be made in any direction to the grain without the cut veering off and following the grain.
The carving sets are cut in ½ = foot scale and if you care to carve along laser cut blanks are available.
接下来的两张照片显示，从削减芯片的面积。单从在第一张照片的刨花是非常小的头发。在第二张照片的背面是400圆砂纸，再次显示几毛屑是多么小。该手术是如此的锋利刀片需要小的压力应用于削减。一个很大的优势来利用光的压力，使一个切口，没有关闭，之后转向粮食削减本身可以在任何方向取得的粮食减少。
雕刻集脚削减规模，如果你愿意沿着激光切割雕刻，可空白。


Photographs in this series, have been done with macro photography so you are looking very close at the carving work. At normal view the carvings will appear to have finely carved detail. To do the carvings it is recommended to carve under magnification. The carvings are small and they become more and more delicate as the detail is carved in. To prevent breakage while the piece is being worked on it is fastened to a block of wood or metal with two sided tape.
在这一系列的照片，已完成了微距摄影所以你看着非常密切的雕刻工作。在普通视图中会出现雕刻有雕刻精美的细节。这样做，建议木雕雕刻下的放大倍率。这些雕刻都很小，他们变得越来越微妙的细节是为了防止刻英寸一块破损而正在处理它与双面胶带固定到木头或金属块。

To prevent a knife from slipping or the cut following the grain, a knife is held between the thumb and finger. This allows pressure to be applied to the cut and back pressure from the finger prevents the cut from "getting away".
为了防止打滑或切割后，粮食刀，一刀举行拇指和手指。这使得压力，适用于切割，然后从手指反压防止“抽身“的削减。

mimilion

In the first set of photos a stop cut is made along the fold in the drape. Stop cuts are exactly what the name implies, they are made to stop another cut being made from another direction. A cut was made at the end of the drape to show the cut we want to stop. To make the cut use the exact knife and "poke" small holes rather than making a stroking cut. This creates a perforated line. Next use a hooked surgical blade and connect the holes. The depth of a stop cut is not made all at once, if attempt to cut to deep you will chip the edges of the cut, or end up making the cut to wide.
在第一组照片是由一个停止削减沿悬垂倍。停止削减正是顾名思义，他们要阻止另一个切片被从另一个方向取得。作出的割在悬垂年底，以显示我们要停止削减。为了使切割刀使用的准确和“戳“的小孔，而不是作出抚摸着削减。这将创建一个穿孔线。接下来使用钩手术刀片和连接孔。一站切削深度不进行全部一次，如果试图削减到深处你将芯片切割边缘，或最终晋级到宽。



This series shows the reducing of the depth for the first fold. To complete this section of the drape we will create three main depth levels. By using a larger blade thin slices are made towards the stop cut. When the depth of the stop cut is reached, deepen the stop cut and trim off the shavings. At the desired depth, the stop cut is cleaned up.
这个系列显示为第一折深度降低。要完成这个悬垂性，我们将创建三个主要的深度级别部分。通过使用一个较大刀片薄片是朝着停止削减。当停止切削深度是达成共识，深化削减和停止剪掉的刨花。在所需的深度，停止削减被清除。



The first depth has been finished, so we move on to the second depth. Once again begin with a stop cut where you want the depth to end. Cutting this section is quite easy, continue shaving the depth and deepening the stop cut as you go. The depth you go is not critical. You can always go back and deepen a section. What is being done with the depths is to produce dimension and create a difference between sections. At the end of the drape cut a v grove in the center. Round out the edges of the grove making a hollow as seen in the photo. By making hollows, sharp edges, rises and rounded edges in the carving the light is being reflected or shadows are being created. The play of light between high light and shadow bring life to the carving.
第一深度已完成，所以我们在第二深的做法。再次开始停止削减的深度，你要结束。本节切割是很容易，继续深化剃须的深度和停止削减你走。你走的深度并不重要。您可以随时回去和深化的部分。什么是正与深度方面所做的是生产和创造之间的差额部分。在削减的悬垂在中心的AV格罗夫结束。圆了一个中空的制作的照片出现在小树林的边缘。通过在光雕刻空洞，锐边，圆边升起，被反射或阴影正在建立。之间的高光与阴影光发挥生命的雕刻。



At the last level begin to round off the edges. With a light touch shave the edges by taking short cuts. As the pieces begin to take shape shave the edges created by the rounding out process. A stop cut is made at the end of this section after it has been rounded out, then a little depth is given to the fold in the drape.
在最后一级开始全面关闭的边缘。用轻碰刮采取走捷径的边缘。由于工作便开始初具规模刮胡子的过程由四舍五入造成的边缘。停止削减是由一个在本节结束后，一直杀进了，这时，一个小深度，是考虑到在悬垂倍。



Going back to the first level, a sliver is cut along the inside, hollowing out the surface. Next round out the outer edge.
回到第一个层次，一小部分被切断沿内，挖空的表面。下一轮了外缘。



The first photo shows the basic three levels without the fold and hollow details carved in the upper sections. In the second photo you can see how the hollow and the rounded edge shows the high light and shadow effect. The simple folds along each side adds to the over all shape and detail.
第一张照片显示了没有刻在上面的部分细节的褶皱和中空的基本三个层次。在第二张照片你可以看到空心的圆边和显示高光阴影效果。简单的折叠沿两侧增加了对所有的形状和细节。

mimilion

In the second drape there will be four levels. To begin the second drape select the lowest level, which is the fold at the bottom. Make a stop cut between the fourth and third folds, seen in the center photo. The last photo shows the lowest level cut down. As was done in the first drape shave down the fold and deepen the stop cut as you go.
在第二悬垂将有四个层次。要开始第二个悬垂选择的最低水平，这是在底部的褶皱。设为之间的第四次和第三次折叠切停了下来，在中心的照片看到。最后一张照片显示的最低水平降低。由于在第一悬垂下来做刮倍和深化停止削减你走。



Photo 1 in this series, shows the stop cut between levels three and two. With a hooked blade the third level is shaved down. Using a light touch take small shavings off the fold and finally give the fold a little rounding out by trimming the edges.
照片中的这个系列的第1，显示了三个层次和两个停止削减。随着钩刀片第三个层次是剃光了。使用轻触起飞的褶皱小刨花，终于给倍，修建一个小四舍五入的边缘了。



Repeat the same process of making the stop cut between levels of the folds and trimming down the fold. Once at the level you want go back and clean up the vertical stop cut so it is crisp and clean.
重复制作水平之间的褶皱停止削减和修剪下来的褶皱同样的过程。一旦你的级别要回去收拾垂直停止剪的是清脆，干净。



Starting with the highest fold level, round it out by delicately trimming the edges. Continue to trim the edges until you wrap it around the sides. At this point you may need to go back to the first two levels and deepen them to maintain a difference between the folds. On this drape cut a channel down the right side. This is a simple stop cut, and shaving down the edge. This cut will be a fold in the drape and act as a shadow to give the higher section of the drape a little depth.
最高级别的折叠起，绕着它由精心修剪的边缘。继续修剪的边缘，直到环绕它的两侧。此时，您可能需要返回到前两个层次，加深他们之间保持的褶皱差异。在此披切下的右侧通道。这是一个简单的停止切割，剃下来的边缘。这种切割将作为一个影子在悬垂褶皱，并采取行动给出了一个很深入的悬垂较高部分。



After the different levels have been defined it is now time to give a shape to the entire drape. First round out the left edge until you reach about the center of the drape. Give the inner edge a slight curved shape as you reach the center of the drape. By doing this we eliminated the flatness of the drape and created a hollow that will cast a shadow. Round out the right side cutting both the edges of the higher level of the drape as well as the fold cut along the edge, blending both as a continuous curve.
不同级别后已经确定，现在时间给一个形状，整个悬垂。首轮左边缘，直到你对达到的悬垂中心。让内缘有轻微弯曲的形状你到达的悬垂中心。通过这样做，我们消除了悬垂平坦，创造了空心，将蒙上了一层阴影。轮出右侧切割的悬垂较高水平以及沿边缘切两折的边缘，无论是作为一个连续的曲线交融。



Backing away slightly from the piece we can now see the side drapes. You can see how the drapes are rounded out and how the different levels produce the folds. In this photo you can also see how the hollows we cut cast shadows. Each stop cut edge defines the individual details of each fold.
支持从一块稍微远离我们现在可以看到一面窗帘。你可以看看窗帘四舍五入，以及如何产生不同程度的褶皱。在这张照片你也可以看到我们是如何切空洞阴影。每到一站切边定义每个倍个人详细资料。

mimilion

We are now looking very close to the work. The scratches on the surface are from 120 grit sandpaper created when the boxwood sheet was sanded to thickness. Make several light cuts and once you have a defined cut, increase the cutting pressure and deepen the stop cut. Starting at the laser mark below the stop cut, cut a channel to the bottom of the stop cut. Now round the outer edge, start in the upper corners and cut to the center, as aposed to one sweeping cut from end to end. You will have better control of the shape if you cut towards the center. Continue rounding the outer edge until you have a sharp edge at the first cut. This edge will be rounded later but it will be a basic defining detail.
我们现正非常接近的工作。表面上的划痕从120砂砾时创建的表是黄杨木砂纸打磨的厚度。做出几个光削减，一旦你有一个明确的切割，切割压力加大和深化停止削减。在下面的停止削减激光标记开始，切一个通道到停止削减底部。现在轮外缘，开始在上角和削减到中心，以aposed一个扫削减月底结束。你将有更好的形状控制，如果你向中心削减。继续四舍五入外边缘，直到你有一个在第一刀的锋利边缘。这种优势将被调高后，而是这将是一个基本的定义细节。



The same steps for the first fold are now repeated for the next one in the lower left. Cut along the laser mark several times for a sharp stop cut. Then cut the grove. Go back and round out the first edge. Start rounding out the edges of the folds at this point. The reason is, as the drape begins to take a rounded shape the groves become shallow. You may need to deepen the groves as you go. Create the last bottom fold with vertical a stop cut and horizontal shaving. Round out the entire left side of the drape. You can see the groves get smaller as the drape is rounded. We don't want sharp defined edges in this part of the drapes, we want soft rolls with slim folds as detail. Once the drape is finished go back with a slim pointed surgical blade and clean out any chips or slivers left behind.
出于同样的步骤，第一个折叠现在重复在左下角下一个。形成了鲜明的停止沿着激光切割割痕几次。然后切成小树林。回去了第一轮的边缘。开始四舍五入出在这一点上的褶皱的边缘。原因是，作为悬垂开始采取圆形木偶变浅。您可能需要深化林当您去。创建楦底停止削减垂直和水平剃须倍。完善了悬垂的整个左侧。你可以看到木偶变得更小的褶皱是圆的。我们不希望在这个定义的边缘锋利的窗帘的一部分，我们希望作为详细超薄折叠软辊。一旦完成悬垂回去苗条的外科手术用刀片，清理出任何芯片或条子留下。



Working the right lower section of the drape is a matter of rounding the outer edge. Make a stop cut to the right where you want to stop the left side of the drapes. Keep rounding the edge until you have reached the laser mark. Blend the sections into rolling folds by scraping a blade over the entire drape.
工作的悬垂右下部分是一个圆的外缘的问题。请减少到正确的，你要停止了窗帘左侧停了下来。保持四舍五入的边缘，直到你已经达到了激光标记。共混刮一整个刀片成悬垂褶皱滚动的部分。



Stepping back from the carving and taking an over all look. We see the shapes of the details are all in proportion to each other. Taking a long, narrow, pointed surgical blade very light and delicate cuts can be made to give the folds in the upper section of the drapes a rounder and better flowing shape. Breaking the tips off carbon steel surgical blades gives a great edge for scraping. The use of scraping the carving to remove material is done only with the grain. If you go against the grain the wood tends to chip or rip the grain, these chips are micro small but the finish is noticed at normal viewing. Go back to part one photo 4 center picture. Here you can see the rough fuzzy surface created by scrapping against the grain. Again you are looking supper close at the surface but at normal view the carving looses the sheen or smoothness of the wood. It will maintain a "texture" from the scraping against the grain.
退一步从雕刻和接管都期待的。我们看到了细节的形状成比例至对方。以一个长而窄，尖手术刀片非常轻和微妙的削减，可让在窗帘一圆，上半部分的形状更流畅的褶皱。掰碳钢手术刀的技巧给出了一个刮很大的优势。刮使用雕刻材料进行删除只与粮食。如果你对粮食的木材往往芯片或RIP粮食去，这些芯片的微型小，但终点是在正常观看的注意。返回到第一部分照片4张图片中心。在这里你可以看到模糊粗糙表面对粮食取消创建。您又着眼于表面，而是在普通视图中雕刻晚餐结束松动的光泽或光滑的木材。这将维持对从粮食刮痧“质感“。



Carving the flower has to be done with a light touch. The petals are so small it is easy to chip the edges. Once a chip happens you can loose a major part of the design. The chip problem can be corrected but you have to shave the flower down below the chip to remove it. This may also require going back to the drapes and cutting them down. So its best to be careful when cutting. Begin with a cut between the petals, then with the very tip of the blade cut depth to the petal. Continue around the flower petal at a time making a cut then cutting down the level of each petal. The surface of each petal is not flat but has a slight bowl shape. You would not think such a small indent makes a difference but it does add depth.
雕刻花，必须用轻触摸完成。这么小的花瓣很容易芯片的边缘。一旦发生，你可以松芯片的设计的主要部分。该芯片问题可以得到纠正，但你要刮下面的芯片花了将其删除。这可能还需要回去窗帘和切割下来。因此，它的最佳切割时要小心。与花瓣之间的切然后用很尖的刀片，开始切割深度的花瓣。继续围绕在削减然后作出削减各花瓣水平随时间而花的花瓣。每个花瓣表面不平整，但有轻微的碗的形状。你不会想到这么小的缩进，使有差别，但它确实增加了深度。



There are two ways to carve the flower, one way is to cut every other petal at a different level. So you have one low one high one low so on. Or as I did, cut the flower petals like a pin wheel. One edge is cut deep while the other edge is left higher, as you work around the flower you maintain a sharp edge between the petals. This method creates the shadow affect and giving the carving the deeper 3D look.
有两种方法来雕刻花，一种方法是在不同的层次切每隔花瓣。所以，你有一低一高一低等等。或者像我一样，像针轮削减的花瓣。一个边被切断，而其他边缘深留更高，因为你周围的花，你的花瓣之间保持锋利边缘的工作。这个方法创建了阴影的影响，并给予雕刻较深的三维外观。



Once again pan back and take an over all look to be sure everything is flowing together and no one part is standing out.
潘再次回来并接管都期待一个要确保一切都汇聚在一起，没有一个部分是突出。

mimilion

To begin the right side of the draped start with a stop cut along the lower fold line.
首先沿虚线剪下一低倍停止对披上开始的右侧。



Once the stop cut is made, begin by cutting small slivers starting from the edge and working to the stop cut. Cut a series of slivers then deepen the stop cut, this will remove the slivers of wood. At this point the depth is not critical, you just need to remove enough wood to create a trench.
一旦停止切割制成，开始从边缘开始切割小条子，并致力于停止削减。剪下的条子系列则深化停止淘汰，这将消除木材的条子。在这一点上的深度并不重要，你只需要删除的柴创建一个战壕。



When the lower fold is complete make another stop cut to define the left side of the drape. Use a pointed blade and poke a series of holes along the laser mark.
当低倍完成削减作出界定的悬垂左侧另一站。使用尖戳一个刀片和沿激光标记孔系列。



Make small slices from the inside of the drape to the stop cut. These cuts are ver small and shallow to start with, once the stop cut is deep enough larger cuts can be made.
请从悬垂的停止内切小片。这些削减版本与小，浅，启动一旦停止削减是不够深入，可较大削减。



When the grove is deep enough you can take long sweeping cuts along the edge producing a single thin shaving.
当小树林是不够深入，你可以沿着单一生产剃须刀边长薄扫削减。



Continue cutting until there is a clean sharp division between the right drape and the left drape.
继续切割，直到有一个干净的权利之间的悬垂性和悬垂性左壁垒分明。



Looking to the center of the drape you can see the angle that was cut along the edge.
展望的悬垂，你可以看到这是沿边缘切割角度的中心。

mimilion

For the second fold make a stop cut by stabbing the end of the knife blade along the laser mark.
对于第二个被刺伤倍，使沿激光标记刀片切成末停止。



Using the same technique for cutting the folds hollow out the grove by cutting and deepening the grove.
利用切割出的褶皱空心小树林通过削减和深化格罗夫相同的技术。



For the final outer shaping of the drape begin by rounding the outer edge back to the fold grove. Take small cuts at this point, to avoid cutting away to much material and ending up with a poorly shaped fold.
对于最后的悬垂整形外开始四舍五入外缘回折树林。在这一点上采取小伤口，以避免削减了很多的材料和形状的结束与不良的折叠起来。



Once you have the general shape you can now take larger and longer cuts along the edge until the drape has a rounded appearance.
一旦你有一般的形状，你现在可以沿着边缘较大的削减和更长的悬垂性，直到有一个圆形的外观。

mimilion

The balled up parts of the drapes are a matter of rounding out the shape. This is accomplished by first cutting off the edge.
At this stage you don't want to completely round out the piece, you only want a general shape.
在泥包了的窗帘部分是一个圆的形状出来的问题。这是通过先切断边缘。
在这个阶段，你不想完全轮出一块，你只需要一个一般的形状。



Cut the inside curl by using a stop cut at the laser mark and gouging out the material. Make very small cuts to avoid chipping the edges of the wood.
通过使用切在激光标记，出料刨停止内切卷曲。作出非常小伤口，以避免切削木材的边缘。



You will need to separate the three different balls by cutting a grove between them. Cut the grove and cut off the edges as one operation.
你将需要单独通过削减它们之间的小树林三种不同的球。切小树林，并切断作为一个操作的边缘。



The three balls have been roughed in, rounded and separated from one another. The amount of material being cut away with each cut is very small. It is very easy to remove too much material in one cut creating a lopsided ball. Should this happen the entire ball would have to be cut smaller to even it out.
这三个球已经粗加工中，圆形，彼此分离。在被切割的材料数量与每个剪去非常小。这是很容易消除一切得多少材料创造一个片面球。如果发生这种情况，整个球会不得不削减甚至更小的出来。

mimilion

Begin the flower grouping by making a cut between the pedals. Don't try to make this cut to deep it should be only enough to stop the next cut from chipping into the pedal next to it. Next start at the center of the pedal and chip the wood towards the cut.
花开始分组作出削减之间的踏板。不要试图使这一切成深应该只足够阻止切削进旁边的踏板下切。下次启动在踏板中心和芯片对锯木头。



A flower pedal is actually spoon shaped but these are so tiny only the illusion of pedals is needed. Creating a play on shadow and highlights is done by cutting angles or facets.
花踏板实际上是勺状，但这些非常小，所以只需要踏板的错觉。创建一个皮影戏和亮点是通过切割角度或层面进行。



As you back away from the piece the facets will look like the individual pedals of the flowers. This will complete the drapes and flowers, and the next step is the center figure. Study the figure to determine the lowest point of the carving, this is where the carving begins. In this piece it will be the chest area. Gouge out this area to a comfortable depth, that is to say deep enough to define it. We will need to go back to this area as the carving progresses to deepen it. But for now we only need to do is define it. Also two gouges have been made at the collar and shoulder.
当你回来离一块面看起来像花的个人踏板。这将完成窗帘和花卉，下一步就是该中心的数字。研究数字确定雕刻最低点，这就是雕刻开始。在这片将是胸部。剜出这是一个舒适的深度，也就是不够深入定义IT领域。我们需要回到这一领域的进展，加深雕刻它。但现在我们只需要做的就是定义。还有两个泥已在领口和肩。

mimilion

No doubt faces are the most difficult to carve. If the features are out of scale or distorted the face will take on the look of a primate or cartoon character. In the case of small carvings of human faces less seems to be better. A prime example of this the smiley face where a circle, two dots and a line will be perceived as a face. At this small of a scale all that is needed is the major features of a face, the viewers "minds eye" fills in the rest of the details to give the impression of a face. Before any carving is done you can see a face by only the profile, a dot for an eye and a line marking the brow. To begin locate the jaw line, a simple angled line from the chin to the ear.
毫无疑问，面临的最困难的雕刻。如果出来的特点是规模或扭曲的脸将在灵长类动物的一个或卡通人物外观。在案件的小雕刻人脸似乎是不太好。这方面的一个笑脸在一个圆圈，两个点和线将作为一个面临认为最好的例子。在这种规模所需要的是一张脸的主要特征小，观众“心中的眼睛“填补给一张面孔的印象中的细节休息。在任何雕做你可以看到只有轮廓的脸，一对眼睛和标线的额头点。首先找到下颌线，一个简单的角度线从下巴到耳朵。



Cut away the material below the jaw line to start shaping the neck. It's a good practice to have a mirror handy to look at yourself to maintain the proper proportion of a face.
剪去下巴下面的材料，开始塑造脖子。这是一个很好的做法，有方便的一面镜子看自己的脸保持一个适当比例。



At this stage of the carving we separate the neck from the jaw line and give the neck a rounding out. Also a few cuts are made at the edge of the chin to begin rounding it out. A carving such as a face is never done from one point to another, or systematically it's more of a random carving or locating of the features. Once the features are located and given a basic general shape all the elements are blended together in the final shaping.
在这个阶段，我们分开的雕刻，从下巴的脖子，让脖子四舍五入了。也有一些裁员是由在下巴的边缘开始四舍五入出来。一个雕刻等人脸​​从来没有做过从一个点到另一个，或系统这是一个随机雕刻或更多的功能定位。一旦功能定位和基本的形状给予所有元素混合在一起，最后形成。



From the jaw line we jump to the hairline. This is now marked out. If the ear shows in a carving of a profile the top of the ear will be at eye level and the ear lobe will be even with the bottom of the nose. In this case the hair covers the ear so we need not concern ourselves with the position of the ear.
从下颚线，我们跳转到发线。这是现在被标记出来。如果在一个耳朵轮廓雕刻显示了耳朵上方会在眼睛的水平和耳垂将与鼻底均匀。在这种情况下，头发覆盖耳朵，所以我们不必关心与自己的耳朵位置。



Make a stop cut at the hairline and begin to round out the head. Keep rounding out the head until you reach the eyebrow. At the forehead round out the face until you reach the bridge of the nose. At the location of the jaw the face is flatter so stay closer to the hairline. You can see in the photo that the cuts are deeper at the forehead than at the jaw line.
请在发际线停止，并开始全面削减了头。不断完善这个头，直到你到达眉毛。在额头的脸圆了，直到你到达鼻梁。在下巴的脸是那么平坦更贴近发际线的位置。你可以看到照片中，裁员是在比颚线在前额更深。



Hollow out an eye socket and define an edge between the side of the nose and cheek. On a profile, the nose is at a lower level that the cheek, so starting at the forehead cut down the level of the nose, this will leave a slight step which is the cheek line.
镂空的眼圈和定义之间的鼻子和脸颊一侧的边缘。在一个配置文件，鼻子在一个较低的水平，是面颊，所以在额头开始削减鼻的水平，这将留下轻微的步骤，是脸颊线。



The face is taking on a rounded shape at this point, the cheek being the highest point. Getting back to the nose shape in a nostril and cut away material under the nose to form an upper lip. Make a cut to define a line from the nose to the corner of the mouth.
面对的是一个圆形采取在这一点上，脸颊被最高点。才到鼻子的形状在鼻孔和鼻子下切掉的材料，形成一个上唇。做一个切定义线从鼻子到嘴角。



Round out the cheek under the eye and at the nose. Cut a very slight hollow above the eye to define the brow and begin to trim down the nostril. The eye itself is a V shape inside the eye socket. By making the "V" inside the eye socket gives the face a natural look. Many carvers make the mistake of thinking the eyes are one object. But the eyes consist of the eye socket, the brow and finally the eyeball itself. When carving a face at this point the main details are set in place. Later as the face is refined all the aspects are blended. If anything is overlooked it becomes difficult to add it without back tracking all the way to the basic shape.
完善了下眼脸和鼻子。开一个很轻微的在眼睛上方的额头定义，并开始缩减鼻孔空洞。眼睛本身是一个内部的眼圈V形。通过使眼窝内的“V“提供面对自然的外观。许多雕刻使思维的眼睛是一个对象的错误。但眼睛由眼窝，额头，最后是眼球本身。雕刻时在这一点上面临的主要细节设置到位。后来，面对的是精致的所有方面相互融合。如果有任何忽视它变得很难添加无背一路跟踪的基本形状。



The cheek is the very last part of the face to work. Its one and only feature is the cheekbone. The cheekbone defines the final character of the face depending on where its placed and how much you make it stand out. In the case of very small carvings such as this one feature are slightly over emphasized to capture light and shadow giving the face depth and character. Now that a face has appeared from the flat surface where we started you can now touch it up round it out and blend all the features. There is no cutting at this stage everything is done by scraping the surface with the blade edge. It takes only a chip or a micro cut to totally change the face so you don't want to make any big changes.
面颊是面对工作的最后一部分。它的唯一特征是颧骨。颧骨定义面对的最后一个字符不同的地方其放置多少你让它脱颖而出。在非常小的雕刻像这样一个功能的情况稍有过分强调捕捉光线和阴影让脸的深度和特性。现在，出现了一张脸从平面开始的地方，你现在可以触摸它圆出去，混合所有功能。有没有这个阶段的一切切割用刀片刮边缘表面进行。只需一个芯片或微切割完全改变了脸让你不想做任何大的变化。



Finally the hair, I am not going into the hair with a step by step explanation because it is just a matter of a series of gouges cut at random. In this photo you are looking at the carving ultra close through a 100 X macro lens and you can see an eyeball.
最后的头发，我不是要和一个循序渐进的步骤，因为它的解释仅仅是一个泥随意CUT系列问题到头发。在这张照片你是在看雕刻通过100 ×超近微距镜头，你可以看到一个眼球。



Backing away from the piece I can see areas that need further attention. A little more work on the cheekbone to blend it in and the line from the nose to the mouth is on to much of an angle. All in all, it's not to bad and proportion is correct.
Remember this is only one section of the total stern carving on a ship. When the entire ship is viewed normally the carvings become part of the whole and look as if there is endless detail in them.
备份离我可以看到一块领域需要进一步关注。一个多一点的颧骨工作融入它从鼻子和嘴巴上线的角度是多少。总而言之，这并不是坏事，比例是正确的。
请记住这只是一个总船尾在船上雕刻部分。当整船被认为是正常的雕刻成为整体的一部分，并期待仿佛有无尽的细节在其中。