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Woods Used In Model Ship Building
舰船模型常用的木材
The purpose of this article is not to have an exhaustive look at all woods but rather to have a look at some of the most common woods used in model ship building so that you have a general understanding of their make-up and uses. As we will see, some woods are naturally suited to model ship building, while others are not.
本文的目的不是要详尽介绍所有木材，而是要看看一些舰船模型制作中最常见的木材，使您对它们的木性和用途有一个总体了解。正如我们将看到，一些木材自然是适合制作舰船模型，而另一些则不是。
The information expressed here are the collective opinions of various model builders that I have been in correspondence with both personally and across this great resource called the internet. It is also based on wolfram Zu Mondfel's book "Historic Ship Models" (ISBN 1-4027-2186-2).
在这里表达的是模型制作者们的集体意见，我一直在与他们通信和透过互联网这个伟大的资源。这也是取材于Wolfram Zu Mondfel的著作“舰船模型历史”（书号1-4027-2186-2）
We also welcome any comments or suggestions that you think might help other modelers in understanding the various woods and their uses.
我们欢迎任何您认为会帮助其他舰船模型制作者了解各种木料和其用途的意见或建议。
(Note: You may note variations in colour from the descriptions. This variation is due to differences in monitors, graphics cards etc.)
（注：您可能注意到有色差。这种色差是由于不同的显示器，显卡等导致的）
Balsa巴尔沙
Balsa wood has it's place in model building but it is not all that useful in period model ships. It is very soft, whitish in colour, porous and just a very fragile wood. It also does not hold nails very well.
While it is easy to work it does not really lend itself well to model ships. If used at all you should probably only use it for fill-in pieces at the bow and stern and only then when other more suitable material isn't at hand.
巴尔沙木，在制作舰船模型的木材中占有一定的位置，但它并不适合舰船模型的全部。这是一种非常柔软，颜色发白，多孔和非常脆弱的木材。它也不能很好的抓住钉子。
它虽然很容易加工，但并不真正适合舰船模型。如果使用，你大概只有利用它填补在船首和船尾，或手头没有更适合的木料的时候。
Basswood椴
An excellent all-around wood, readily available in hobby shops. White and very fine-grained. Easy to work with and bends freely, but too soft to turn
一种很好的全方位的木材，在模型爱好者的商店里随处可见。白色和非常好看的木纹。容易加工和弯曲自由，但太软。
Beech榉
Beech is a medium-hard long fibered wood. Typically it is light reddish brown to brown in colour and has a very plain grain.
Because it is a tough wood and long grained some of it's uses could include masts and yards as well as frames.
榉木是一种中等硬度的长纤维木材。通常它的颜色是浅红棕色到棕色，并有清晰的纹理。
因为这是一种长纤维和有韧性的木材，它的用途包括桅杆和帆桁以及肋骨。
Boxwood黄杨
Boxwood is a hard wood, yellowish in colour. It is close grained with a plain grained pattern and is very strong.
Even though it is very hard, it is a nice wood to work and carve. It is ideal for all small parts, especially for carvings, blocks, deadeyes, as well as visible frames, planking and similar parts. It does however tend to splinter when nailed so one should always consider drilling pilot holes.
It is one of the timbers that are ideal for model ship building.
黄杨木是一种硬木，颜色淡黄。它纹理紧密、图案清晰和非常坚韧。
尽管这种木料很硬，对于加工和雕刻这是一种很好的木料。它非常适合所有的小零件，尤其是雕刻、块、滑轮以及可见的肋骨、船壳板和类似的部分。然而在钉钉时它往往容易裂开，所以应该先钻好孔。
它是制作舰船模型的理想木材。
Douglas Fir道格拉斯冷杉
British Columbia Douglas Fir is a soft wood with an extremely fine and straight grain pattern. Retains its shape and size without shrinking, swelling, cupping, warping, bowing or twisting.
不列颠哥伦比亚省道格拉斯冷杉（又称黄杉、花旗松）是一种软木，木质极为细致和直的纹理图案。其形状和尺寸不会涨缩、翘弯、翘曲、弯曲或扭曲。
Lime酸橙
Soft, white, tough, long-fibred, plain grain pattern.
Lime is easy to work and does not splinter. Highly suitable for planking, deck strakes, wales, decorative strips, etc. Somewhat overrated for carving, as lime does not work very cleanly across the grain, and breaks easily along the grain when used for very small parts. Quite unsuitable for parts which have to withstand any strain, such as blocks and deadeyes.
性软、色白、有韧性，长纤维，纹理图案清晰。
酸橙容易加工，不易裂。非常适合做船壳板、甲板、舷板、装饰带等。用于雕刻有点差强人意，它的横纹不容易加工得光洁，用在小零件方面很容易沿纹理裂开。用于要承受任何应变力的零件，如块和滑轮是相当不适合。
Mahogany桃花心木
Mahogany is a hard, red to brown, long-fibred wood with a plain grain pattern. While it is used heavily for full-size ship building it not really all that suitable for period ship model building because of it's coarse structure.
桃花心木是一种坚硬的、红褐色、长纤维带清晰纹理图案的木材。虽然它被大量的用于建造真船，但不是那么适合制作舰船模型的全部，因为它的木质较粗。
Oak橡
Oak is a hard, light to medium gray-brown, tough, short fibred wood with a distinctive grain structure. Like mahogany, because of it's coarse grain stucture is it not really all that suitable for model building. While it was perhaps the most widely used timber for full-size ship building because it is very difficult to work with most modelers avoid its use.
橡木是一种坚硬的，浅到中等灰棕色，坚韧，短纤维带与众不同的纹理结构的木材。像桃花心木，因为它粗纹理结构是不那么适合制作舰船模型。虽然它也许是最广泛的使用于建造真船的木材，因为它非常难加工，大多数模型制作者都避免使用它。
Obechi
Obechi is a tough, but soft yellowish open-grained wood. It is extremely easy to work and holds nails well when compared to Balsa. It is also a more preferable wood in all respects when compared to Balsa by most modelers. It is ideal for the keelson and the in-fill pieces of fully planked hulls and is commonly used as base planking on double planked hulls because it is tough and does not splinter easily.
Obechi是一个坚韧，但软的木材，淡黄色，有展开的纹理。它非常容易加工的，与巴尔沙木比较拥有良好的抓住钉子的能力。大多数模型制作者认为从各方面来说它是一种比巴尔沙木更可取的木材。它是理想的龙骨和木板船体的填补块，还是双层船壳板船体的常用基础板材，因为它结实不容易裂。
Olive橄榄
Used primarily in Southern Europe (having similar properties to boxwood), Olive wood is yellowish to whie, short-fibred with a plain grain pattern. It is also very strong.
Though I have not worked with Olive, I am told that as young wood it is soft and easy to work, but after seasoning olive wood becomes very hard and almost impossible to work. Thus the modeler is recommended to use young wood make the required parts but let them season for at least one year before putting them on the model.在欧洲南部的主要树种（具有类似黄杨木的特性），橄榄木是淡黄色到白色，短纤维带清晰的纹理图案。它也非常坚韧。
虽然我并没有加工过橄榄木，据我所知，作为新鲜的木材它是软的，容易加工，但是风干后的橄榄木变得非常硬，几乎是不可能加工的。因此，模型制作者推荐使用新鲜的木料来做需要的部件，但做好的部件在摆放到模型上之前至少要让它们风干一年。
Pear梨
Pear is one of the ideal woods to work with in model ship building and is used for virtually everything on the ship from visible frames, to planking, deck strakes, deck funiture and fittings. It is excellent to carve as it hardly splinters at all. It is a medium hard, light to medium brown in colour with short fibres and a plain grain pattern. 梨木是一种理想的木材，可用于舰船模型的所有部分，从可见的肋骨到船壳板、甲板、甲板家具及装具。对于雕刻件它是极好的，因为它几乎不碎裂。这是一种中等硬度，浅到中等棕色，短纤维带清晰纹理图案的木材。
Pine松
Pine is medium hard, whitish to yellowish in colour, long-figred, tough with a plain grain pattern. It is suitable for masts, yards and planking.
松木是中等硬度，颜色白至浅黄，坚韧，长纤维带清晰纹理图案。它适用于桅杆、帆桁和船壳板。
Sitka-Spruce锡特卡云杉
Sitka-spruce is a soft wood with an extremely fine and straight grained pattern. Suitable for masts and yards. For optimal visual effects when using sitka-spruce for deck planking it should be quarter sawn.
锡特卡云杉是一种软木材带极为细致和直的纹理图案。适合做桅杆和帆桁。使用锡特卡云杉做甲板应该径向切割，这样的视觉效果最佳。
Walnut胡桃
Walnut is another of the ideal woods that is widely used in model ship building. It is a hard wood that comes in a wide variety of colours from light brown to dark brown. It is short-fibred, tough and has a plain grain pattern. Because of its relative ease to work with it can be used for virtually everything, and despite its hardness even carvings.
胡桃木是另一种广泛应用于制作舰船模型的理想木材。这是一种硬木材，有由浅棕色至深棕色的各种各样的颜色。它坚韧，短纤维带清晰纹理图案。由于其相对容易加工，可用于舰船模型几乎所有的部分。即使是雕刻件，以它的硬度也胜任。
[ 本帖最后由 old_cobra 于 2009-4-25 09:41 编辑 ] |
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