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Restoring Orion : A Bone POW Model 恢复猎户座 ：一种骨战俘模型
I was recently asked to repair an antique bone and ivory “prisoner-of-war” model. 最近我要求修理古董骨和象牙“战俘”的模式。 Such models are known by that name because the style was developed, and many of these models were made, by French prisoners of war in English gaols during the several conflicts between those nations in the 18th and 19th centuries. 这种模式是众所周知的这个名字，因为风格是发达国家，其中许多模型，由法国战俘的监狱中英文在一些冲突的国家之间在18世纪和19世纪。 Repairs took just over 10 hours, over a three day period. 维修只用了10个小时，超过3天的时间。
The model is a bone and ivory rendering of a 100-gun first-rate ship of the line of the late 1700s or early 1800s. 该模型是一种骨和象牙绘制了100枪一流的船舶线的1700年代后期或1800年代初期。 This is a small model, only 9 1/2" x 7" x 3". The linen or hair rigging is particularly fine and laid up as rope for all but the smallest lines. The rigging is highly detailed, including catharpins, although the deadeyes have been modeled with simple thimbles. 这是一个小型的模型，只有9 1 / 2 “ × 7 ” × 3 “ 。的亚麻或头发操纵特别规定的罚款和最多的绳子，但所有的最小线。的操纵是非常详细，包括catharpins ，虽然deadeyes已与简单的模仿thimbles 。
I found no indication of a name for the ship, which carries British flags, but the figurehead is of a woman wearing a French Liberty Cap. 我发现没有任何迹象表明的名称船舶，载有英国国旗，但有名无实的是一个女人穿着法国自由女神像章。 For identification purposes I decided to call her “ Orion ”. 用于识别目的，我决定叫她“ 猎户座 ” 。 HMS Orion , a 74-gun ship under Capt. Edward Codrington, took part in the battle of Trafalgar, but this is not that ship and the name is a convenience only. 猎户座号， 74枪下上尉船舶爱德华科德林顿，参加了特拉法尔加战役，但这不是该船舶的名称是一个方便使用。
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The model is snugly enclosed in a straw marquetry case with glass panes on the front and sides and a mirror on the back, although the silvering on the mirror is almost gone. 该模型是snugly在一个封闭的秸秆marquetry情况玻璃正面和侧面和一面镜子的背面，虽然镀银的镜子，几乎消失了。 The front glass panel hinges down to reveal the interior by means of a red fabric pull tab at the top. 前玻璃铰链，以揭示内部用一个红色的布料拉标签在顶部。 The inside of the case is also straw marquetry and has red silk draperies at each side, framing the model as if on a miniature stage. 里面的情况也是秸秆marquetry和红色丝绸窗帘在每一个方面，制定模型，犹如一个小型的阶段。 The model sits in two ivory stands with notches for the keel on a straw marquetry base plate within the case. 该模型坐落在两个象牙站在缺口为龙骨的稻草板marquetry基地内的案件。 The case itself has four turned ivory feet and a brass carrying handle at the top. 案件本身已变成象牙4英尺和黄铜的把手上方。 The handle may be a replacement. 在处理可更换。
There is evidence of prior restoration or repair, with some obvious glue spots. 有证据表明前恢复或修复，有一些明显的胶点。 The gudgeons and pintles of the rudder are bright gold colored strips which do not match the other fittings on the model. 该gudgeons和pintles的舵是光明的金色条不匹配的其他装置的模型。 Overall, however, it is an excellent example of the type, with nicely executed carvings, detailed deck furniture and bulwarks, and intricate fretwork in the quarter and stern galleries. 不过，总的来说，它是一个很好的例子类型，并很好执行的雕刻品，详细甲板家具和壁垒，以及错综复杂的fretwork在本季度和严厉的画廊。
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When received the jib boom was broken into four pieces with the sprit topsail and topgallant yards detached. 当收到臂臂被打破分为四个片的精神顶帆和topgallant码超脱。 The associated rigging was in disarray, although most of it appeared to be present and unbroken. 相关的操纵是混乱，但大部分似乎是当前和完整。 The Jack on the jackstaff was torn in half. 在杰克的jackstaff被撕裂了一半。 It was this damage that was to be repaired. 正是由于这种损害，是为了修复。
The initial problem was removing the model from the case: lengthy and detailed examination gave no clues. 最初的问题是消除模型的情况：漫长而详细的审查没有线索。 There were no obvious screws or other fastenings to be seen externally and internal examination was limited by the close fitting nature of the case. 目前还没有明显的螺丝钉或其他紧固件待观察外部和内部审查是有限的密切拟合性质的案件。 After a good deal of gentle experimentation I discovered that the model’s base plate was secured to the case by some adhesive substance, but one that had some ‘give’ to it. 经过大量的试验温柔我发现，该模型的基础板担保案件的一些胶粘剂的实质内容，而是一个有一些'让'给它。 I was able to gently pry up the base plate with model attached and maneuver them out of the case. 我能轻轻地撬了底板与模型和机动重视他们的案件。
The base plate had initially been secured to the case by two small nails which, over time, had rusted and discolored the marquetry. 该基地板最初是担保的情况下由两个小钉子的，随着时间的推移，已经生锈和变色的marquetry 。 Holes had been drilled up through the base plate into the ivory stands and metal rods inserted in an attempt to tighten and strengthen the model’s attachment to the base plate. 孔已钻了通过底板到象牙的立场和金属棒插入，企图收紧和加强模式的重视底板。 The ends of the rods protruded about 1/8" below the base plate. To accommodate the extra length two 1/4" x 1/4" wooden spacers had been glued to the bottom of the base plate. The ‘adhesive substance’ securing the spacers to the floor of the case seemed to be some sort of sticky putty, such as that used to temporarily secure Christmas decorations to the wall. The putty was either exuding or had been contaminated with mercury, which was present as small balls of liquid on the surface. The putty, once removed, I sealed and disposed of as hazardous material. It appeared that the putty had not sufficiently secured the base plate to the case, or perhaps the straw marquetry of the case let go when the case was tilted allowing the model to slide forward, breaking the jibboom against the glass side panel. 两端的燃料棒隆起约1 / 8 “以下的底板。为了适应两个额外的长度的1 / 4 ” × 1 / 4 “木间隔已粘在底部的底板。的'粘连物质，确保的间隔在地上的情况下似乎是某种棘手的腻子，如用于暂时安全的圣诞装饰品在墙上。的腻子或者散发或已被污染的汞，这是目前小球的液体表面上。的腻子，一旦取消，我密封和处置有害物质。看来，腻子没有充分担保的基础板的情况，或者稻草marquetry的案件时，松开案件倾斜允许模式，幻灯片前进，打破了jibboom对玻璃侧板。
Once the model was removed I swept the interior of the case with an artist’s brush with the happy result that I found the missing half of the Jack. 一旦模型被删除我席卷国内的情况是艺术家的画笔与幸福的结果，我发现了失踪一半的杰克。 I placed it in acid free paper and set it aside for later restoration. 俺把它在酸性纸并搁置以后恢复。
With full access to the model, I maneuvered the pieces of the jibboom and spritsail yards into approximate position and evaluated the situation under magnification. 同时充分利用该模型，我的作品机动的jibboom和spritsail码成近似的立场和评估的情况下放大。 All of the pieces were present, except for one small chip at the outermost break. 所有在场件，除一小片在外面休息。 The bowsprit was undamaged, but loose at the heel. 在船首斜桅被损坏，但松散的致命弱点。 The martingale guy was snapped at the base near the bowsprit cap. 鞅家伙是结束在基地附近的船首斜桅帽。
Because of the tangle of the remaining rigging, it seemed the best course was to begin the repair at the innermost break and work outward. 由于纠纷其余的操纵，似乎最好的当然是开始修复在内心深处的休息和工作离港。 This first break was just at the level of the bowsprit cap, where the boom was just over 1/16" in diameter. Properly securing this break was the most important, as it would affect all of the others outboard of it. 这是第一个打破只是一级的船首斜桅帽，那里的热潮刚刚超过1 / 16 “的直径。妥善保护这一突破是最重要的，因为这会影响所有其他舷外的。
Moving aside the boom pieces and rigging and temporarily securing them with low tack tape, I drilled into the center of the inboard face of the break with a pin vise. 除了运动的繁荣和操纵件，并确保他们暂时低粘性的磁带，我钻成的中心舷面对打破了脚夹住。 A short length of 0.03" brass rod which barely protruded from the inner face was inserted and its location exactly marked on the outboard face of the break using a bit of carbon paper. A second hole was drilled in the outboard face, and a longer piece of brass rod was cut to fit the total depth of the combined holes. Once the fit of the rod was exact, the mating faces of the boom were brought together and held in place while I fed a small drop of thin cyano glue into the break by capillary action. Any excess glue I wicked away with paper toweling. The alignment was carefully checked and adjusted slightly as needed. Once perfectly positioned another drop of thin cyano was fed into the joint. This I left to dry overnight to insure that the maximum polymerization had taken place. 短长度0.03 “黄铜棒这几乎隆起的内表面插入的位置上标明确切的舷外面对打破使用一些碳纸。第二个洞钻在舷外的脸，和更长的一块黄铜棒被切断，以适应总深度的结合孔。一旦合适的杆是确切的，交配面临的繁荣是汇集和地点举行，我喂养的一小滴薄膜氰基胶水到打破毛细管行动。任何多余的胶水我邪恶的纸以外toweling 。看齐进行了仔细的检查和调整略有需要。一旦完全定位另一个下拉薄氰基被馈入联合。这是我离开干通宵，以保证最高聚合发生了。
The two outboard breaks I repaired in a similar fashion, but because of the diminishing diameter of the jibboom, it was impossible to insert brass rods across the breaks. 这两个舷外休息，我修理以同样的方式，但由于减少直径jibboom ，这是不可能的黄铜棒插入在休息。 In each of these latter cases I initially positioned the mating surfaces and secured them with cyano, then adjusted as needed, and finally secured them with another drop of glue. 在所有这些后一种情况下我最初的位置交配表面和担保他们氰基，然后根据需要调整，并最终担保他们与另一滴胶水。 A great deal of care was taken in each case to see that no glue was left on the surface of the boom or on the rigging. 大量的护理是在每一种情况下地看到，没有胶水被留在表面的繁荣或操纵。 The martingale guy I repaired in like fashion. 鞅家伙我在想修复的方式。
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Positioning and repairing the breaks had restored most of the rigging that was not detached. 定位和修复休息，恢复了大部分的操纵这不是超脱。 The lines that were detached I secured with pH neutral white PVA glue, then all the lines were tensioned as much as possible. 该线是离我担保， pH值为中性的白色聚乙烯醇胶水，然后所有的线路拉尽可能多。 Finally the edge of the torn flag piece I painted with diluted PVA glue and secured to its mating edge with a minimum of overlap, thus completing the repair. 最后的边缘蹂躏的国旗我画一块与稀释聚乙烯醇胶水和担保其交配边用最少的重叠，从而完成了修复。
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To insure that this mishap did not recur, I securely mounted the model in its case. 为了确保这一事故没有发生，我安全模式安装在其案件。 I located and drilled two holes through the floor of the case at the positions of the spacers. 本人所在钻两个孔通过地板的情况的立场间隔。 Matching pilot holes were drilled into the spacers, but not into the base plate. 匹配试验钻洞的间隔，但不能进入底板。 Small brass oval headed screws now pass through the bottom of the case securing the spacers. 黄铜椭圆形的小螺丝钉领导现在通过底部的情况下确保间隔。
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丹巴黎 ShipModel@aol.com是一名退休律师住在布鲁克林。 He is Conservator of Ship Models for the South Street Seaport Museum and does restoration work for Christie’s as well as private clients. 他是保护者的船舶模型的南街海港博物馆并恢复工作，克里斯蒂以及私人客户。 Dan is a past President of two ship modeling clubs in the NYC area and currently Secretary of the Shipcraft Guild of New York. 丹是一个过去的两个总统船舶模型俱乐部的纽约地区，目前秘书Shipcraft协会纽约。 He is also active in the Nautical Research Guild, most recently serving as Auditor of their annual election of officers. 他还活跃在航海公会研究，最近担任审计的年度选举主席团成员。 His work, including a jaw-dropping Gokstad Ship built from the archaeologist’s notes, can be seen at the Shipcraft Guild website: www.shipcraftguild.org
转载国外资料，其中的中文是谷歌自动翻译的，大家将就看吧 呵呵！[nddndnd] | 
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